g1t/docs/BILLING_OPERATIONS.md

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1# Billing operations: costs, margin and prices
2
3How g1t checks what it charges against what Cloudflare charges it, keeps
4prices at cost plus 20%, and tells staff when the margin slips. Internal.
5Code: `services/billing/src/costs.rs` (reading the bill), `margin.rs`
6(reconciliation, drift, alerts), `pricing.rs` (versions, proposals,
7notice), `keeper.rs` (sandbox and Workers for Platforms measurements),
8`budget.rs` (what g1t pays for itself, and its caps; see
9[Spend caps](#spend-caps)).
10Page: sudo **Costs & margin** (`/costs`).
11
12Several Cloudflare products g1t runs on are new. Artifacts bills
13"operations" from 2026-10-14 without defining them (see
14[ARTIFACTS.md](ARTIFACTS.md), M1). So nothing here hard-codes a product
15list or a unit: every line Cloudflare bills is kept, and how a line maps
16to what g1t sells is data you change from sudo, without a deploy.
17
18## Data sources
19
20| Source | What | Where it lands |
21| --- | --- | --- |
22| Billable usage, `GET /accounts/{account}/billable-usage?from=&to=` | One row per service per day in FOCUS columns: `ServiceFamilyName`, `ServiceName`, `ChargePeriodStart`, `PricingQuantity`, `ContractedCost` / `BilledCost` / `ListCost`. Every product g1t uses appears once it is used: Workers, Workers for Platforms, D1, KV, R2, Queues, Containers, Durable Objects, Artifacts, Browser Rendering, Workers AI, Vectorize, Cloudflare for SaaS, Email. Inside an included amount the cost is 0. | `cost_lines`, source `billable_usage` |
23| GraphQL `artifactsEventsAdaptiveGroups` | Artifacts' own count by `date`, `eventType` and `repositoryName`. Operations are `create`, `fork`, `push`, `pull`, `delete`; errors (`rateLimited`, `serverError`, …) are kept but not counted. | `cost_lines`, source `artifacts_events`; per workspace (from the store key `<workspace>--<repo>`) in `own_counts` as `cloudflare_git` |
24| The ledger | Every charge: its cost at the price book's cost, what it was charged at price, what paid for it. | read, never written |
25| `pending_usage` | Month-end meters (git, storage, scans, embeddings, the cache) as they stand. | snapshotted daily into `pending_days` |
26| `plan_payments` | The plan's $20. | read |
27| repos `git_operations` | Operations customers are charged for, per workspace, counted by repos through its `operation_mapping`. | `own_counts` meter `git_operations` |
28| repos `artifacts_usage` | Every raw meter of the git store (`git.fetch`, `git.receive_pack`, `binding.*`, …) per day and workspace, with repos' `operation_mapping`. | `own_counts` meters `artifacts_<raw meter>`, and `cost_operations` (raw counts × the mapping's `cost_operations`: what g1t expects Cloudflare to bill) |
29
30A meter's slug is Cloudflare's name lower-cased with words joined by `_`
31and the "(First … included)" note dropped: `Workers for Platforms CPU ms
32(First 60M ms are included)` under `Workers` is product `workers`, meter
33`workers_for_platforms_cpu_ms`. Several rows of the same day and meter
34(regions, tiers) are added together before they are stored.
35
36## Credentials
37
38| Secret on g1t-billing | Permissions | Used for |
39| --- | --- | --- |
40| `CLOUDFLARE_BILLING_TOKEN` (optional) | Account: **Billing Read**, Account: **Account Analytics Read**, for the g1t account only | Reading the bill and the Artifacts events |
41| `CLOUDFLARE_USAGE_TOKEN` (exists) | Billing Read, Account Analytics Read, AI Gateway Read | The keeper; also the bill when `CLOUDFLARE_BILLING_TOKEN` is not set |
42
43With neither, the daily run reconciles only what g1t counted itself, and
44the page says the bill cannot be read. Nothing fails. To set the scoped one:
45
461. Cloudflare dashboard → My Profile → API Tokens → Create Token → Custom token.
472. Permissions: Account · Billing · Read; Account · Account Analytics · Read.
483. Account resources: Include · the g1t account. No zone permissions.
494. `cd services/billing && npx wrangler secret put CLOUDFLARE_BILLING_TOKEN`.
505. In sudo, Costs & margin → **Run the analysis now**.
51
52Alerts are emailed through the `EMAIL` binding (Cloudflare Email Sending)
53to `COSTS_ALERT_EMAIL` (`hey@flagon.io`). An empty value sends none.
54
55## Schedule
56
57The daily cron (`17 4 * * *`, `keeper::DAILY`) runs, in order:
58
591. The keeper's measurements (sandbox seconds, app requests and CPU), each
60 a proposal now, not a direct change.
612. `costs_daily`:
62 1. Read the bill and the Artifacts events. The first run reads the last
63 31 days (GraphQL keeps 31); later runs the last 4, since Cloudflare
64 restates recent days, or back to the last day read after a gap.
65 Lines are upserted on `(day, source, product, meter)`, so a re-read
66 replaces, never adds.
67 2. g1t's own counts for the same days (replaced per day).
68 3. Snapshot `pending_usage` into `pending_days`.
69 4. Reconcile the last 31 days (further back after a gap) into
70 `margin_days` and `workspace_costs`
71 (replaced per day).
72 5. Drift over the last 7 days into `cost_drift`.
73 6. Unit costs over the last 30 days, proposed to the price book.
74 7. Apply price versions whose date has come.
75 8. Open, update and close margin alerts; email new ones.
76 9. Email owners on the plan about rises to come.
77
78**Run the analysis now** at the top of sudo's Costs & margin page
79(`admin_run_costs`) runs all of step 2 at once, alerts included, with no
80need to wait for 04:17 UTC. Running it twice is safe: every step replaces
81what it wrote.
82
83## Reconciliation math
84
85Every Cloudflare line goes to one of g1t's products ("buckets") by
86`cost_map`: the row for its product with the longest matching meter
87prefix, `*` last. A line no row claims goes to `unmapped`.
88
89| Bucket | Cloudflare | Paid for by (`revenue_map`) |
90| --- | --- | --- |
91| `sandboxes` | Containers, Durable Objects compute duration | `sandbox`, `self_hosted`, `builds` |
92| `deployments` | Workers for Platforms | `deployments` |
93| `git` | Artifacts operations (and its events, as counts) | `git` |
94| `repo_storage` | Artifacts storage | `storage` |
95| `actions_cache` | R2 | `cache` |
96| `embeddings` | Workers AI, Vectorize | `context` |
97| `security` | (Workers CPU, under `platform`) | `security` |
98| `domains` | Cloudflare for SaaS | `domains` |
99| `models` | not Cloudflare: AI Gateway's settled cost on the ledger | every other task (agent runs) |
100| `platform` | Workers, D1, KV, Queues, Email, Browser Rendering, other Durable Objects | the plan's price |
101
102For each day and bucket:
103
104- **Cloudflare cost** = Σ the bucket's lines' cost. `models` uses the
105 ledger's cost instead.
106- **Own cost** = Σ the ledger's `cost_micros` for the bucket's keys (the
107 price book's cost when charged), plus month-end deltas. A workspace's own
108 model provider is no cost to g1t.
109- **Value** = what customers were charged at price: `-amount_micros` plus
110 what the plan's included usage, a trial, the open-source pool or g1t paid.
111 g1t's own (comped) workspaces are valued at cost plus the margin.
112- **Cash** = what workspaces paid: `-amount_micros`, and the plan's price.
113- **Month-end meters**: a day's figure is that day's `pending_days`
114 snapshot less the day before's, within a month. Their month-end ledger
115 entries are left out, so nothing is counted twice.
116- **Product margin** = (value − cost) / value. **Overall margin** =
117 (Σ cash − Σ cost) / Σ cash.
118- **Quantities**: where a mapping names an `own_meter`, Cloudflare's
119 billed quantity of those lines (or, without one, Artifacts' operation
120 events) against g1t's own count.
121
122**Shared costs to workspaces.** A bucket's cost is shared in proportion
123to, first available: Cloudflare's own per-workspace count
124(`cloudflare_<bucket>`, today the Artifacts events by repository), g1t's
125own count, what each was charged for it, what its usage cost. `platform`
126and `unmapped` are shared by each workspace's share of all usage that
127day. Shares are whole micros that add up to the bill exactly (largest
128remainder).
129
130## Drift (last 7 days)
131
132| Kind | When | What to do |
133| --- | --- | --- |
134| Count | g1t's count and Cloudflare's differ by more than the mapping's `drift_percent` (10%) | Find out what Cloudflare counts: compare its events with `own_counts` `artifacts_*` and `cost_operations`. If it counts more (binding reads, `ls-refs`), either change repos' `operation_mapping` so customers are charged for what Cloudflare counts, or leave it and let the per-unit cost rise (below). |
135| Cost | Cloudflare charged more than `drift_percent` away from the price book's cost of the same usage, with at least `min_daily_cost` | A price is stale: check the proposals. |
136| Leak | Cost of at least `min_daily_cost` and nothing charged for it (never for `platform`), or a meter in `unmapped` | Map the meter (below), or decide it is overhead (`platform`). |
137
138## Prices: versions, proposals, notice
139
140- `price_versions` holds every price ever, never edited. `prices` is the
141 version in force. The daily run applies a version once its
142 `effective_at` has come, and adds the public `price_changes` record.
143 Ledger entries made from the price book carry `price_version` (the
144 version ids, comma-separated), so a past statement is always explained
145 by the prices of its day.
146- Proposals come from the keeper (sandbox seconds, app requests and CPU)
147 and the reconciler (mappings with `scale_to_own`: today git operations).
148 For git operations: Cloudflare's rate per its own operation (the median
149 over charged days of cost ÷ quantity) × (Cloudflare's operations ÷ g1t's)
150 × 1,000. If Cloudflare counts three for each one g1t counts, the per-1,000
151 price triples. At least 1,000 of g1t's operations are needed.
152- Decision (`pricing::decide`): under 2% is noise; more than 4× either way
153 is suspect and waits for staff; within `auto_apply_percent` (25%) it is
154 applied on its own when `auto_apply` is on; anything else waits.
155- Notice: a fall applies at once. A rise applies `notice_days` (14) after
156 the decision, and for a monthly meter (git, storage, cache, domains,
157 embeddings, scans) at the start of the month after that, so no month
158 is charged at two prices. Owners of workspaces on the plan are emailed
159 once per rise (`price_notices`), and the pricing page lists it with
160 "takes effect". Rises are never retroactive; margin protection is for
161 new usage once notice has run.
162- Staff approve or reject in sudo. A rejection needs a note.
163
164## Changing a mapping
165
166In sudo, Costs & margin → **Mappings**: Cloudflare's product and meter
167prefix (as **Cloudflare's lines** lists them; `*` for the rest of the
168product), g1t's product, and optionally:
169
170- **Price meter**: the price book meter the line measures.
171- **Own meter**: g1t's count of the same units (`own_counts.meter`).
172- **Scale to g1t's count**: price one of g1t's units at as many of
173 Cloudflare's as it took (proposals as above).
174- **Drift threshold**.
175
176It applies from the next run; **Run the analysis now** applies it at once.
177Every change is in the audit log (`cost_mapping`).
178
179## Which raw meters are operations
180
181There is one mapping, and the repos service owns it: `operation_mapping`
182in g1t-repos' database, one row per raw meter with `cost_operations` (how
183many operations Cloudflare bills for it) and `billable_operations` (how
184many the customer is charged for). Change it with repos'
185`set_operation_mapping` RPC (services only), or
186`npx wrangler d1 execute g1t-repos --remote` until sudo has a form. A
187change applies to counts from then on, never to what was counted.
188Billing keeps no mapping of its own: it reads repos' `git_operations`
189(already mapped) for what customers are charged, and `artifacts_usage`
190(raw counts with the mapping) for `cost_operations`. Migration 0023 drops
191the `billable_units` table 0022 made for this, which was never written.
192
193**Charged at price** (a product's value) is what each day's usage was paid:
194charged to a card or credit, or drawn from the plan's included usage, a
195trial, a pool or a gift. Usage nothing paid for, as in a free period, is
196valued at price (cost plus the margin), since it was given away at its price
197rather than sold for nothing; so are g1t's own workspaces. Runs on a
198workspace's own model provider have no cost to g1t. Every daily run
199reconciles the whole 31-day window from what is already kept, so a change in
200how a day is valued reaches every day sudo shows.
201
202## Alerts runbook
203
204| Alert | Raised when | First steps |
205| --- | --- | --- |
206| Margin under the floor | A product's value against cost under `margin_floor_percent` (10%) for `alert_days` (3) days running, each with at least `min_daily_cost` | Open the product on Costs & margin. Cost up? Check proposals (approve a rise; it waits out the notice). Value down? A mapping or `revenue_map` may have moved. |
207| All of g1t under the floor | The same for money in against every cost, comped workspaces' share left out (their spend is a budget, watched in budget.rs). While less than $1 a day comes in, it says the dollars, not a percentage | Look at which products moved; check `platform` (it has no revenue of its own and grows with traffic). Before launch, with little paid usage, expect it. |
208| Leak | Drift of kind leak | Map the meter, or decide it is overhead. |
209| Drift | Count drift | See Drift above. Cloudflare's definitions change in beta: ask them in writing ([ARTIFACTS.md](ARTIFACTS.md), §7). |
210| Costs more than it pays | A workspace's shared cost over 30 days above what its usage was priced at (`value_micros`, whoever paid: card, trial, gift or included usage) × `anomaly_factor`, at least `anomaly_floor`; not comped workspaces | Shown on Reach out as "Costs more than it pays": its usage is priced below what it costs. Abuse (Abuse & fraud page) or a gap in pricing. Not emailed. A trial or gift paying for usage does not raise it. |
211
212Alerts close on their own when the condition clears. Open ones are
213emailed again weekly. The red bar on every sudo page shows margin,
214overall and leak alerts.
215
216## Token usage
217
218The model proxy (`services/models`) reads Anthropic's `usage` from every
219`/v1/messages` answer, streamed or whole, on g1t's models and on a
220workspace's own provider alike (OpenAI-shaped providers are translated
221first). Count-tokens requests are not answers and are skipped. After the
222answer, it calls `record_tokens`, which adds input, output, cache reads and
223cache writes to one row per day, workspace, person, session and model in
224`token_usage` (migration `0030_token_usage.sql`). The person is who the run
225was for, from the model session's `requested_by`; never g1t's agent. A
226report that fails is dropped and never affects the answer.
227
228`token_usage` reads a window (42 days by default, 366 at most) for the
229workspace or one person: totals, every day's tokens and the active days,
230with `costMicros` the window's run charges from the ledger, measured as
231`usage` measures them. These counts are for views only: runs are still
232priced from AI Gateway's logs, never from `token_usage`.
233
234## Tables (migration `0022_costs_and_margin.sql`)
235
236`cost_lines`, `cost_map`, `revenue_map`, `own_counts`,
237`pending_days`, `margin_days`, `workspace_costs`, `cost_drift`,
238`margin_alerts`, `price_versions` (seeded with every current price as
239version 1), `price_proposals`, `price_notices`, `cost_settings` (the
240guardrails, seeded), the `actions_cache` price, and `ledger.price_version`.
241Every create is `IF NOT EXISTS` and every seed `INSERT OR IGNORE`; the one
242`ALTER` is applied once by D1's migration tracking. Migration
243`0023_one_operation_mapping.sql` drops `billable_units` (see above).
244
245## Spend caps
246
247Two caps keep what g1t pays for itself bounded while billing takes no
248real money. Both are measured at **cost** (what Cloudflare and the model
249providers charge g1t), never at price. Code: `services/billing/src/budget.rs`.
250Page: sudo **Costs & margin** → **g1t's own spend** (`/costs#spend`).
251
252### What counts as g1t's own spend
253
254Every charge that settles (an agent run's model cost from `finish_run` or
255AI Gateway's settlement, sandbox time from `record_sandbox`, a build from
256`charge_feature`) is split by what paid for it and g1t's part is added to
257`g1t_spend` (day, bucket, billing account):
258
259| Bucket | What |
260| --- | --- |
261| `comped` | All of a comped account's work (flagon-io) |
262| `trial` | The trial credit's share |
263| `oss` | The open-source pool's share |
264| `given` | A free workspace's overrun past its last bit of trial |
265| `unpaid` | Charged, but with no real money behind it: Stripe's test key, or `FREE_WHILE_BUILDING` |
266
267The plan's included usage and on-demand charges count as revenue only
268with live payments; in test mode they are `unpaid`. A workspace's own
269model provider costs g1t nothing and is not counted. Month-end meters
270(git, storage, scans, embeddings, the cache) are not counted here; the
271daily reconciliation covers them. Migration `0024_spend_caps.sql`
272backfills the current month from the ledger.
273
274### Caps
275
276| Cap | Variable (g1t-billing) | Default | At the cap |
277| --- | --- | --- | --- |
278| A comped account's monthly budget | `COMPED_MONTHLY_CEILING_MICROS`, or the account's own **Limit** in its terms | $150 a month | New work on the account (agents, checks, workflows, builds) is refused with "<name>'s monthly budget for g1t's own agents is used up … Staff can raise it in sudo". Runs already going finish; the per-run cap still applies to them. It lifts when staff raise the budget or the month turns (UTC). |
279| The daily breaker | `PLATFORM_DAILY_SPEND_CAP_MICROS` | $75 a day (UTC) | New agent runs on g1t's hosted models that g1t would pay for are refused until 00:00 UTC. Not paused: agents on the workspace's own model provider, checks and builds, and workspaces paying with live payments on the plan (not given by staff) or an enterprise contract. In test mode that exemption covers no one. |
280
281`0` turns either off. `CLOUDFLARE_FIXED_MONTHLY_MICROS` ($30: Workers
282Paid and Workers for Platforms) is shown on the page only.
283
284The checks are cheap: `reserve` reads today's total (one indexed sum) and,
285for a comped account, its month's comped rows. Refusals come back as
286`paused`, which the compute gate honours for every plan, internal and
287enterprise included (`packages/contracts/src/compute.ts`). The runner tells
288billing whether an agent run is on hosted models (`hostedModel` on
289`reserve`); a caller that does not say is treated as hosted.
290
291### Alerts
292
293All to `COSTS_ALERT_EMAIL` (`hey@flagon.io`), through the `EMAIL` binding:
294
295- **Comped budget**: at 50, 75, 90 and 100%, once each per account and month
296 (`budget_alerts`), checked every 15 minutes. A jump past several levels
297 sends only the highest.
298- **Breaker**: at once, from the charge that trips it; if that email fails,
299 the 15-minute cron sends it (`spend_breaker.told_at`).
300
301While the breaker is open or a comped budget is used up, every sudo page
302shows a red **Spend cap** bar.
303
304### Raising and lifting
305
306- **Raise a comped budget**: sudo → the workspace → Billing → **Terms**, set
307 **Limit $** to the new monthly budget (blank goes back to the default),
308 with a note. It applies to the next start; nothing to deploy. The change
309 is in the account's audit log.
310- **Lift the breaker for today**: sudo → Costs & margin → **g1t's own
311 spend** → **Lift for today**, with why (`admin_lift_breaker`; audit action
312 `breaker_lifted`). It resets by itself at 00:00 UTC.
313- **Change a default**: edit the variable in `services/billing/wrangler.jsonc`
314 and deploy g1t-billing.
315
316## Stripe
317
318Billing keeps what it needs from Stripe so reads never wait on it, and
319hears of changes three ways (`webhooks.rs`, `stripe_sync.rs`).
320
321**The webhook.** A destination made in Stripe's dashboard (Developers →
322Webhooks → Add destination) with the endpoint URL
323`https://api.g1t.sh/stripe/webhook`, in the mode of billing's key (at
324launch, make one in live mode and put its secret). Its signing secret
325(`whsec_…`: the destination, Signing secret, Reveal) is the billing
326Worker's secret:
327
328```sh
329cd services/billing && npx wrangler secret put STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET
330```
331
332Without it every event is refused with 400. After rolling the secret in
333Stripe, put the new one; during the roll Stripe signs with both, so there
334is no gap. The event list need not be exact: billing adds any event it
335handles that the destination does not send (daily, or **Fix destination**
336in sudo → Stripe), and enables it again if Stripe disabled it. It never
337changes the secret. sudo → Stripe shows whether the secret is set, the
338destination and its status, missing events, and the latest events.
339Events are claimed once each in `stripe_events`; a handler that fails
340forgets its claim, and Stripe retries.
341
342**What is kept, and how it stays current**
343
344| Kept | Where | Refreshed by |
345| --- | --- | --- |
346| Saved card (brand, last 4, expiry) | `accounts.card_*`, `card_synced_at` | `customer.updated`, `payment_method.*`, `setup_intent.succeeded`; forgotten when g1t sets a default card, so the next read asks once; the daily pass for cards older than 7 days |
347| Plans | `subscriptions` | `customer.subscription.*`, `invoice.*`; a read asks Stripe at most hourly once a period is over; the daily pass for rows older than a day |
348| Payments, refunds, disputes | ledger, `checkouts`, invoices | their events |
349
350**Every cron run (every 15 minutes)** replays missed events: Stripe's event
351list from an hour before `stripe_sync.through`, oldest first, through the
352same once-only claim. `through` moves to 5 minutes before now when all were
353handled, back to the first failure otherwise, and stays when more than
3541,000 events were listed. Claims stuck at `handling` for 10 minutes are
355dropped so the replay retries them. The first run reads 3 days back.
356
357**Daily** (`keeper::DAILY`): the destination at billing's address is
358enabled again if Stripe disabled it and given any missing event, audited as
359`stripe`/`webhook`; then up to 25 stale cards and 25 stale plans are read
360again.
361
362**What still calls Stripe on a request**: starting a payment page, a plan
363or a card check; opening the billing portal; settling a page the person
364came back from; renaming a workspace (the customer's name). Nothing a page
365view reads.